Mata - Matter

Mata (Matter)

Gabatarwa

Is the branch of science that deals with the study of matter, wannan shi ne jigo ko tushe ko babban aikin kemistiri. Dukkan gajiyoyin da aka ambata a darrusan baya daga Gabatarwa zuwa Fagagen Sana’o’in Kemistiri, da ma waɗanda bamu ambata ba, sakamako ne na study of matter. Idan kuwa haka ne, to ashe mata tana da matuƙar tasiri a wannan fanni na kemistiri. Koma kai tsaye ana iya cewa ita ce kemistiri ɗungurungum. Haka ne mana, saboda ai ita ake karanta, ka ga kuwa idan babu abin da za a karanta, to babu karatu.

Akalar wannan darasi ta karkata ne kacokaf kan mata. Saboda haka mai karatu ina son ka karkaɗe kunnuwanka, ka buɗe idanuwanka, ka tattara hankalinka waje guda, ka nutsu tsaf, ka fahimci wannan darasin, idan ka gama shi ka ga baka gane ba, to sake maimaitawa har sai ka gane me ake nufi. Domin wannan darasi shi ne harsashi na cin duk wata moriya da za ka iya ci a wannan fanni na kemistiri. Ina yi muku fatan alheri.

Buɗe Wannan Bidiyon Domin Ganin Misalai

Mecece mata (what is matter)?

Matter is anything that has mass and occupy space. Abin nufi, mata ita ce dukkan abin da ke da nauyi sannan kuma ya mamaye wani bigire (muhalli).

Bari mu nazarci waɗannan kalmomi da idon basira; study, anything, mass, da kuma space. Masha Allah, lallai da alama wannan darasi yana daɗi, na ga kusan rabin ajin kowa ya fassara kalmomin tun ban ce komai ba.

To kun gani kamar yadda kuka sani, fassarar study dai ita ce nazari wanda kuma yake da ma’ana ta binciken ƙwaƙwaf ta hanyar kallon ƙurilla wasu lokutan ma da gwaje-gwaje. Anything na nufin kowane abu, ko ka ce komai, ko dukkanin abubuwa. Mass kuma sai mu ce da ita nauyi a Hausance abin aunawa a kilogiram (kilogram). Space kuma shi ne bigire ko wuri ko muhalli.

Waɗannan abubuwa biyu; mass da occupying space, su ne muhimman siffofin da duk abin da ya ke da su zai amsa sunan mata.

Saboda haka mata tana da yawa; ni da na ke wannan maganar mata ce, mai kallo ko sauraron wannan darasin ma mata ce, na’urar da ake amfani da ita wajen kallo ko sauraron wannan darasin ma mata ce, idan muka duba dandagaryar ƙasa da abubuwan da ke shimfiɗe a kanta da ma su kai komo duk mata ce. Haka nan ma ruwa da halittun da ke cikinsa da sauran abubuwa duk mata ce. Sararin samaniya da abubuwan cikinta kamar irin su rana, girgije ko gajimarai duk mata ce. Dabbobi da bishiyoyi duk mata ce, da sauran abubuwan amfani na gida kamar irin su ɗaki, gado, littafi, sabulun wanka da na wanki, sinadaran girki da ma shi kansa abin girkarwar da abin da ake girkin a cikinsa da makamashin girkin duk mata ce. Wasu abubuwan kamar irin su iskar da muke shaƙa, iskar gas da sauransu duk mata ce.

Yanayoyin Mata (States of Matter)

Mata tana da yanayoyi (states) bayyanannu (physical) kuma mabambanta guda uku waɗanda take bayyana a cikinsu: Sandararriya (solid); ruwa (liquid) da kuma iska (gas). A Turance ana cewa three states of matter; solid, liquid and gas. Amma kuma, cigaban zamani ya ƙara bankaɗo wasu yanayoyin da mata ke bayyana a cikinsu wanda kuma burin wannan darasi bai kai gare su ba.

Sandararriya (Solid)
Lumen (2020), sun siffanta sandararriyar mata da cewa: Solid matter is composed of tightly packed particles cewa sandararriya mata ta samu ne daga mannannun duƙunlallun sassa. Mai tauri ce, dunƙulalliya waje guda sannan kuma mai tsayayyiyar kama (siffa) da kuma girma a bisa bayanin (Halpern 2020). Su sandararrun abubuwa (solids matter) sassansu (particles) a ɗamfare (tightly packed) suke da juna kuma basa samun damar kai-komo. Duwatsu, bishiyoyi, ƙasa, duka misalai ne na sandararrun abubuwa.

Ruwa (Liquid)
Ikpe (2006) ya ce: Liquids have fixed volumes but no fixed shapes. Liquids take the shape of the containing vessel. Water and kerosene are examples of liquids. Abin nufi, ruwa yana da faɗi takamaimai amma bashi da takamaimiyar kama (siffa). Sassansa (particles) daf-da-daf suke da juna tare da cewar suna da damar motsawa daga-nan- zuwa-can. Yana bin kamannin mazubin da yake ciki. Misali, kanazir da ruwa.

Iska (Gases)
Chemistry Libre Text (2020), suka ce: A gas has NEITHER a definite volume NOR shape. Abin nufi, iska bata da tsayayyen faɗi bare kama (siffa); girman ta da kamar ta duk sun dogara da mazubin da take ciki. Sassan iska (particles) a rarrabe suke da juna wanda kuma hakan ne ya saka bata da kamanni da kuma faɗi, sai dai ana iya maƙure su (can be compressed). Iskar shaƙa (air) da iskar girki (cooking gas) duk misali ne na iska.

Siffofin Zahiri (Physical Properties) da Ɗabi’o’in Sinadarai (Chemical Properties) Na Mata (Matter)

Mata, tana da siffofi na zahiri da kuma ɗabi’o’in sinadarai (chemical properties) da take tasirantuwa da su sannan kuma suke bambanta tsakaninsu.

Siffofin Zahiri (Physical Properties): Su suke siffata mata, su fito da ita a bayyane. Siffofin zahiri sun haɗa da girman jiki (size), kama ko siffa (shape), launi (color), da kuma nauyi (mass).

Ɗabi’o’in Sinadarai (Chemical Properties): Su suke bayyana yadda mata take sauya tsarin sinadaranta (chemical structure) ko kuma gaurayen sinadarai (chemical composition). Misali, ƙonewa, halayyace da take nuna yadda mata take sauyawa daga wannan yanayi zuwa wani kamar yadda take sauya wa ruwa (water) yanayi (state) daga ruwa (liquid) zuwa iska (gas).

Sauye-Sauyen Matta

Mata tana sauyawa daga wannan yanayin (state) zuwa wancan wanda kuma yakan iya kasancewa kodai sauyi na zahiri (physical change) ko kuma na sinadarai (chemical change).

Sauyin Zahiri (Physical Change)
Shi ne canjawar mata a bayyane daga wannan yanayi (state) zuwa wani ba tare da canja gaurayenta (composition) ba, wanda kuma ake iya jujjuya shi (reversible) wanda akan yi ta hanyar narkarwa (melting) ko kuma tafasawa (boiling). Misali, canja yanayin ruwa (water) zuwa ƙanƙara (ice block) da kuma canja ƙanƙara (ice block) zuwa ruwa (water).

Sauyin Sinadarai (Chemical Change)
Shi ne canjawar mata ta hanyar jirkitar da gaurayenta (composition) wanda ake yi ta hanyar ƙonawa (burning). Wannan sauyin baya juyuwa (irreversible). Misali, ƙona ita ce (fire wood) kan jirkita shi daga asalinsa.

Manazarta:

California State University (2020). Classification and Properties of Matter. California State University, Dominguez Hills, 1000 E, Victorial Street, Carson. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://www.csudh.edu/Assets/csudh-sites/chemistry/docs/chem-108/classification-and-properties-of-matter.pdf

Chemistry Libre Text (2020). States of Matter. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry

Ikpe A. (2006). General Chemistry for Integrated Science 1. National Open University of Nigeria. Abuja.

Saylor (2020). The Classification of Matter. An ciro a shekarar 2020 daga shafin: https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_the-basics-of-general-organic-and-biological-chemistry/s04-02-the-classification-of-matter.html

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